A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. As the structure of local government in England is not uniform, there are currently four principal types of district-level subdivision. They are London boroughs, metropolitan districts, non-metropolitan districts, and unitary in England, and is a subdivision of a metropolitan county The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level administrative division of England. There are six metropolitan counties, which each cover large urban areas, typically with populations of 1.2 to 2.8 million. They were created in 1974 and are each divided into several metropolitan districts. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 The Local Government Act 1972 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales on 1 April 1974, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the United States . It was exported to Commonwealth countries while the British Empire was established and maintained, and it forms the basis of the jurisprudence of most of those countries. English law prior to as metropolitan districts, however all of them have been granted or regranted royal charters In medieval Europe, royal charters were used to create cities . The date that such a charter was granted is considered to be when a city was "founded", regardless of when the locality originally began to be settled to give them borough status Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is (as well as some with city status City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the British monarch to a select group of communities. The holding of city status gives a settlement no special rights other than that of calling itself a "city". Nonetheless, this appellation carries its own prestige and, consequently, competitions for the status are hard fought. The status).[1] Metropolitan boroughs are effectively unitary authority areas A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government, since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985.[2]
The current metropolitan boroughs were created in 1974 as subdivisions of the new metropolitan counties which were created to cover the six largest urban areas in England outside Greater London Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The administrative area was officially created in 1965 and covers the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, the City of Westminster, and the 32 London boroughs. Its area also forms the London region of England and the London European Parliament. The new districts replaced the previous system of county boroughs County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control. The Local Government Act 1972 abolished them in England and Wales, but they are still used in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 re-, municipal boroughs Municipal boroughs were a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in Scotland from 1833 to 1975 with the reform of royal burghs and creation of police burghs, urban In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected Urban District Council , which shared local government responsibilities with a county council and rural districts Rural districts were a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the administrative counties. The districts typically have populations of 174,000 to 1.1 million.
Metropolitan districts were originally part of a two-tier structure of local government, and shared power with the metropolitan county councils (MCCs). They differed from non-metropolitan districts Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially 'shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. As originally created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties in a so-called "two-tier" arrangement. In the 1990s, several non-metropolitan counties were created that are unitary authorities and also have non-, in the division of powers between district and county councils. Metropolitan districts were Local Education Authorities A Local Education Authority was the part of a local council, or local authority (LA), in England and Wales that was responsible for education within that council's jurisdiction. The phrase is now obsolete in official use, but is still frequently used informally to refer to the Education Department of the relevant local authority, which has now and were responsible for social services Social work is both a profession and social science. It involves the application of social theory and research methods to study and improve the lives of people, groups, and societies. It incorporates and utilizes other social sciences as a means to improve the human condition and positively change society's response to chronic problems and libraries A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection,; in non-metropolitan counties these services were the responsibility of county councils County councils were formed in the United Kingdom in the late nineteenth century. In the various constituent countries of the United Kingdom councils had different powers and different memberships. Following local government reforms in the 1970s, county councils no longer exist in Scotland or Northern Ireland. In England they generally form the.[3]
In 1986 the metropolitan county councils were abolished by the Local Government Act 1985 and most of their functions were devolved to the boroughs, making them to a large extent unitary authorities A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government. Some of the functions of the abolished county councils were taken over by joint bodies such as Passenger Transport Authorities In the United Kingdom, passenger transport executives are local government bodies which are responsible for public transport within large urban areas. They are accountable to bodies called Integrated Transport Authorities (ITAs) (formerly known as passenger transport authorities (PTAs)) (see below), and joint fire, police and waste disposal authorities.[2]
The 36 metropolitan boroughs are:
References
- ^ Local Government Act 1972, Schedule I, Part I, Metropolitan Counties and Metropolitan Districts
- ^ a b Local Government Act 1985 c.51
- ^ Local government in England and Wales: A Guide to the New System. London: HMSO The Office of Public Sector Information is the body responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (usually abbreviated as HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. OPSI is part of The National Archives of the United Kingdom and it is responsible for Crown copyright. 1974. p. 7. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 0117508470.
See also
- Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London
- Borough A borough is an administrative division in various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely
- Non-metropolitan district Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially 'shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. As originally created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties in a so-called "two-tier" arrangement. In the 1990s, several non-metropolitan counties were created that are unitary authorities and also have non-
- County borough County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control. The Local Government Act 1972 abolished them in England and Wales, but they are still used in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 re-
- Subdivisions of England
- ISO 3166-2:GB, subdivision codes for the United Kingdom
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Categories: Metropolitan boroughs | Interested parties in planning in the United Kingdom | Types of subdivision in the United Kingdom
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Andy Smith
ue, 20 Apr 2010 01:46:44 GM
Interestingly although not surprising just 22% of people in the recent Place Survey believed they could influence the decisions of Doncaster . Metropolitan Borough. Council. It's obvious that the elected members have lost the faith of ...
