The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City is a UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945. Its stated purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of designated World Heritage Site A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance. The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 state parties which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term in Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool is the fourth largest city in the United Kingdom and has a population of 435,500, and lies at the centre of the wider Liverpool Urban Area, which has a, England The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant. It comprises six locations in the city centre of Liverpool including the Pier Head The Pier Head is a riverside location in the city centre of Liverpool, England. It is part of the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was inscribed in 2004, Albert Dock The Albert Dock is a complex of dock buildings and warehouses in Liverpool, England. Designed by Jesse Hartley and Philip Hardwick, it was opened in 1846, and was the first structure in Britain to be built from cast iron, brick and stone, with no structural wood. As a result, it was the first non-combustible warehouse system in the world and William Brown Street Coordinates: 53°24′36″N 2°58′48″W / 53.410°N 2.980°W William Brown Street in Liverpool, England is a road that gives its name to the William Brown Street conservation area. It is remarkable for its concentration of public buildings. Originally known as Shaw's Brow, a coaching road east from the city, it is named after William,[1] and includes many of the city's most famous landmarks.

UNESCO received the city council's Liverpool City Council is the governing body for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. It consists of 90 councillors, three for each of the city's 30 wards. The council is currently controlled by the Liberal Democrats and is led by Warren Bradley. Controversially a large amount of work is privatised to Enterprise Liverpool a joint company nomination for the six sites in January 2003 and in September of that year sent ICOMOS The International Council on Monuments and Sites (French: Conseil international des monuments et des sites) is a professional association that works for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage places around the world. ICOMOS was founded in 1965 as a result of the Venice Charter of 1964 and offers advice to UNESCO on World Heritage representaitves to carry out an evaluation on the eligibility for these areas to be given World Heritage Status. In March 2004 ICOMOS recommended that UNESCO inscribe the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City as a World Heritage Site.[2]

The area was inscribed during the 28th session of the World Heritage Committee A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance. The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 state parties which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term in 2004 under cultural criteria ii, iii and iv A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance. The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 state parties which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term. Its inclusion by UNESCO was attributed to the fact that it was 'the supreme example of a commercial port at a time of Britain's greatest global influence'.[3]

Contents

Locations

The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City comprises six separate locations throughout the centre of the city, each of which relates to a different component and time in the Liverpool's maritime history.[4] The inscripted sites extend for approximately 4km north-south along the city's waterfront and stretch approximately 1km east-west.[5] In total it covers an area of 136 hectares The hectare is a unit of area, defined as 10,000 square metres, and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2. When the metric system was rationalised in 1960 with the introduction of the International.[6]

The Pier Head

Main article: Pier Head The Pier Head is a riverside location in the city centre of Liverpool, England. It is part of the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was inscribed in 2004 Liverpool Pier Head, with the Royal Liver Building, Cunard Building and Port of Liverpool Building

The Pier Head is the focal point of Liverpool's waterfront and is dominated by three of its most recognisable landmarks: The Liver Building, The Port of Liverpool Building and the Cunard Building. Collectively referred to as the Three Graces, they stand as a testament to the great wealth in the city during the late 19th and early 20th century when Liverpool was one of the most important ports in the world.[7] Initially plans existed to add a 'fourth grace' to area, named The Cloud and designed by Will Alsop, however this fell through in 2004. Today, in what would have been its place, a new Museum of Liverpool is being built, which is due to open in 2010/2011.[8] Behind the Port of Liverpool building is the art deco Art Deco is an eclectic artistic and design style which had its origins in Paris in the first decades of the 20th century. Nowadays the style is said to have been active from around 1910 until the outbreak of World War II. The style was named in the 1960s after the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes that George's Dock Ventilation Tower, whose design is heavily influenced by Egyptian architectural styling.[9] Also a part of the site is the old George's Dock wall, which dates from the late 18th century, as well as several memorials, including one built to honour the engineers who remained at their post as the Titanic The RMS Titanic was an Olympic-class passenger liner owned by the White Star Line and was built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. At the time of her construction, she was the largest passenger steamship in the world sank.[10]

Listed Buildings[7]

  • Royal Liver Building (Grade I)
  • Port of Liverpool Building (Grade II*)
  • Cunard Building (Grade II*)
  • Cunard War Memorial (Grade II)
  • George's Dock Ventilation Tower (Grade II)
  • Monument of Edward VII (Grade II)
  • Sir Alfred Jones Memorial (Grade II)
  • Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic (Grade II)

The Albert Dock

Main article: Albert Dock The Albert Dock is a complex of dock buildings and warehouses in Liverpool, England. Designed by Jesse Hartley and Philip Hardwick, it was opened in 1846, and was the first structure in Britain to be built from cast iron, brick and stone, with no structural wood. As a result, it was the first non-combustible warehouse system in the world

The Albert Dock is a complex of dock buildings and warehouses located to the south of the Pier Head. Designed by Jesse Hartley and Philip Hardwick and opened in 1846, the Albert Dock warehouses were the first in the world to be entirely fireproof, due to their construction from only iron, brick and stone, with no structural wood.[11] The dock was home to many advances in docking technology including being the first to have hydraulic Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics is used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of cranes.[12] During World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland · the buildings suffered significant damage and general docking decline in the city after the end of the war saw them fall rapidly into disrepair. In the 1980s the area underwent massive regeneration after the creation of the Merseyside Development Corporation and the complex was reopened to the public in 1984, as part of the tall ships festival. Today they form a focal point for tourism in the city, being home to the Tate Liverpool Tate Liverpool is an art gallery and museum in Liverpool, Merseyside, England, and part of Tate, along with Tate St Ives, Cornwall, Tate Britain, London, and Tate Modern, London. The museum was an initiative of the Merseyside Development Corporation. Tate Liverpool was created to display work from the Tate Collection which comprises the national, Merseyside Maritime Museum and The Beatles Story. They also constitute the largest single collection of Grade I listed buildings A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building which has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. It is a widely used status, applied to around half a million buildings anywhere in the UK.[13]

Listed Buildings[14]

  • Albert Dock Warehouses:
  • Warehouse A - Atalantic Pavilion (Grade I)
  • Warehouse B - Britannia Pavilion (Grade I)
  • Warehouse C - The Colannades (Grade I)
  • Warehouse D - Merseyside Maritime Museum (Grade I)
  • Warehouse E - Edward Pavilion (Grade I)
  • Dock Traffice Office (Grade I)
  • Wapping Warehouse (Grade II*)
  • Hydraulic Pumping Station East (Grade II)
  • The Pier Master's House (Grade II)
  • Canning Dock (Grade II)
  • Canning Half-Tide Dock Retaining Walls (Grade II)
  • Canning Graving Dock (Grade II)
  • Cooperage (Grade II)
  • Dock Masters Office (Grade II)
  • Canning Island Sea Walls (Grade II)
  • Gatepiers to Albert Dock (Grade II)
  • Three Gatemen's Huts at the entrance to Canning Dock (Grade II)
  • Pumping Station, Mann Island (Grade II)
  • Salthouse Dock (Grade II)
  • Dukes Dock (Grade II)
  • Albert Dock Sea Walls (Grade II)
  • The Hartley Bridge (Grade II)
  • The Rennie Bridge (Grade II)
  • Hydraulic Tower at Wapping Dock (Grade II)
  • Gatekeeper's Lodge at entrance to Wapping Dock (Grade II)
  • Wapping Basin (Grade II)
A panoramic view of the Albert Dock today.

The Stanley Dock Conservation Area

The Stanley Dock Conservation area is located to the north of the Pier Head The Pier Head is a riverside location in the city centre of Liverpool, England. It is part of the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was inscribed in 2004 and includes huge swathes of Liverpool's docking heartland. Within the site are several docks including Stanley Dock, Collingwood Dock, Salisbury Dock and Clarence Graving Dock; parts of the Leeds Liverpool Canal and associated canal locks; and many smaller features such as bridges, bollards and capstans The word, connected with the Old French capestan or cabestan, from Old Provençal cabestan, from capestre "pulley cord,", from Latin capistrum, -a halter, from capere, to take hold of, seems to have come into English (14th century) from Portuguese or Spanish shipmen at the time of the Crusades. Both device and word are considered Spanish.[15] Two of the Clarence Graving Docks are notable as the oldest docks still in use in the city today, dating back to 1830, although their full development wasn't completed until 1848.[16] Amongst the buildings in the area are the Victoria Clock Tower and Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse, one of the largest brick buildings in the world.[17]

Listed Buildings[15]

Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse

Duke Street Conservation Area/ Ropewalks

The Ropewalks site comprises the south western component of the Duke Street conservation area, as well as two warehouses on College Lane and Bluecoat Chambers on School lane. The location was one of the first areas in the city to develop when Liverpool was an emerging port,[18] with Bluecoat Chambers being the oldest surviving building in Liverpool city centre, dating back to 1715.[19] Its proximity to the Old Dock, the world's first enclosed wet dock,[20] meant it was the location of the city's first property speculators who built both warehousing and residential premises along Duke St, Hannover St, and Bold St. The area soon developed a cosmopolitan feel being home to various different types of people including sea captains, merchants, traders and artisans. Today the area is known as Ropewalks, a reference to the large number of roperies present in the area when Liverpool was one of the busiest ports in the world during the 18th and 19th centuries.[18]

Listed Buildings[18]

  • Bluecoat Chambers (Grade I)
  • 105 Duke Street (Grade II)
  • The Bridewell (Grade II)
  • Thomas Parr's House and Warehouse (Grade II)
  • 12 Hanover Street (Grade II)
  • 33 Argyle Street (Grade II)

The 'Commercial Quarter'/Castle Street Conservation Area

This part of the WHS is focused around what would have previously been medieval Liverpool and includes Castle Street, Old Hall Street, Victoria Street, Water Street and Dale Street. Today a centre for commercial activity in the city, the area was included due to the nature of its street development over three centuries and the grandeur of its architecture and monuments.[21]

Listed Buildings

  • Liverpool Town Hall (Grade I)
  • Bank of England Building, Castle Street (Grade I)
  • Oriel Chambers, Water Street (Grade I)
  • White Star Building, James Street (Grade II*)
  • Adelphi Bank, Castle Street (Grade II*)
  • National Westminster Bank, Castle Street (Grade II*)
  • Liverpool and London Globe Insurance Building, Dale Street (Grade II*)
  • Royal Insurance Building, Dale Street (Grade II*)
  • Municipal Buildings, Dale Street (Grade II*)
  • Nelson Memorial, Exchange Flags (Grade II*)
  • Fowler's Building, Victoria Street (Grade II*)
  • Tower Buildings, Water Street (Grade II*)
  • Barclays Bank (formerly Martins Bank), Water Street (Grade II*)
  • Norwich Union Building, Castle Street (Grade II)
Castle Street with Liverpool Town Hall visible at the end of the road
  • Heywood's Bank, Brunswick Street (Grade II)
  • Hargreaves Building, Chapel Street (Grade II)
  • 48-50 Castle Street (Grade II)
  • Trials Hotel, Castle Street (Grade, II)
  • British and Foreign Marine Insurance Company Building, Castle Street (Grade II)
  • Queen Insurance Building, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • State Insurance Building, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • Union Marine Buildings, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • Rigby's Buildings, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • The Temple, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • Prudential Assurance Building, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • Imperial Chambers, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • Municipal Annexe, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • Westminster Chambers, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • City Magistrates Court, Dale Street (Grade II)
  • 135-139 Dale Street (Grade II)
  • Granite Buildings, Stanley Street (Grade II)
  • Mersey Chambers, St Nicholas' Churchyard (Grade II)
  • Monument to Queen Victoria, Derby Square (Grade II)
  • Central Buildings, North John Street (Grade II)
  • 18-22 North John Street (Grade II)
  • Ashcroft Building, Victoria Street (Grade II)
  • Union House, Victoria Street (Grade II)
  • Jerome and Carlisle Buildings, Victoria Street (Grade II)
  • India Buildings, Water Street (Grade II)
  • General Accident Building, Water Street (Grade II)

The 'Cultural Quarter'/ William Brown Street Conservation Area

Main article: William Brown Street Coordinates: 53°24′36″N 2°58′48″W / 53.410°N 2.980°W William Brown Street in Liverpool, England is a road that gives its name to the William Brown Street conservation area. It is remarkable for its concentration of public buildings. Originally known as Shaw's Brow, a coaching road east from the city, it is named after William

The William Brown street area is the central point for many of Liverpool's civic buildings forming a so called 'cultural quarter'. Amongst the buildings that are focal to this part of the WHS are St Georges Hall, Lime Street Station, the Walker Art Gallery The Walker Art Gallery is an art gallery in Liverpool, which houses one of the largest art collections in England, outside of London part of the National Museums Liverpool. It is promoted as "the National Gallery of the North" because it is not a local or regional gallery but in fact part of the national museums and galleries, the World Museum Liverpool, the former Great North Western Hotel and the entrance the Queensway Tunnel.[22]

Listed Buildings[23]

  • St George's Hall (Grade I)
  • William Brown Museum and Library (Grade II*)
  • Picton Reading Room and Hornby Library (Grade II*)
  • County Sessions House (Grade II*)
  • College of Technology and Museum Extension (Grade II*)
  • The Wellington Memorial (Grade II*)
  • The Steble Fountain (Grade II*)
  • Lime Street Station (Grade II)
  • Lime Street Chambers (Grade II)
  • The Empire Theatre (Grade II)
  • The Entrance the to Queensway Tunnel (Grade II)
  • The Cenotaph (Grade II)
  • St John's Gardens (Grade II)
  • Four Recumbent Stone Lions (Grade II)
  • Equestrian Statue of Prince Albert (Grade II)
  • Equestrian Statue of Queen Victoria (Grade II)
  • Statue of the Earl of Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli (Grade II)
  • Statue of Major-General Earle (Grade II)
  • Statue of Alexander Balfour (Grade II)
  • Statue of William Rathbone (Grade II)
  • Statue of Sir Arthur Bower Forwood (Grade II)
  • Statue of William Gladstone (Grade II)
  • Statue of Monsignor James Nugent (Grade II)
  • Statue of Canon T. Major Lester (Grade II)
  • Statue honouring the King's Liverpool Regiment (Grade II)

Inscription

Having received the nomination for the area in January 2003, the International Council on Monuments and Sites The International Council on Monuments and Sites (French: Conseil international des monuments et des sites) is a professional association that works for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage places around the world. ICOMOS was founded in 1965 as a result of the Venice Charter of 1964 and offers advice to UNESCO on World Heritage (ICOMOS) travelled to Liverpool in September of that year to carry out an evaluation on behalf of UNESCO. The ICOMOS evaluation analysed the city in relation to its nomination document, looking at four key areas: conservation, authenticity and integrity, comparative evaluation and outstanding universal value.[2]

Upon completion of their evaluation, ICOMOS returned to UNESCO with the recommendation that the area be inscribed as a world heritage site. At the same time they made several recommendations regarding future preservation and development within the areas and their buffer zones.[2] As a result the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City was inscribed as a world heritage site A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance. The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 state parties which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term at the 28th session of the world heritage committee in 2004, under the cultural criteria ii, iii and iv:[24]

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City". UK Local Authority World Heritage Forum. http://www.lawhf.gov.uk/LAWHF/liverpool.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  2. ^ a b c "Liverpool (United Kingdom) - NO 1050". ICOMOS The International Council on Monuments and Sites (French: Conseil international des monuments et des sites) is a professional association that works for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage places around the world. ICOMOS was founded in 1965 as a result of the Venice Charter of 1964 and offers advice to UNESCO on World Heritage. 2004. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1150.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
  3. ^ "Welcome to Liverpool World Heritage". Liverpool City Council Liverpool City Council is the governing body for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. It consists of 90 councillors, three for each of the city's 30 wards. The council is currently controlled by the Liberal Democrats and is led by Warren Bradley. Controversially a large amount of work is privatised to Enterprise Liverpool a joint company. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  4. ^ "Liverpool - Maritime Mercantile City". Visit Britain. http://www.visitbritain.com/en/things-to-see-and-do/interests/history-and-heritage/map/maritime-mercantile-city.aspx. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  5. ^ Liverpool City Council (2005), p17
  6. ^ Liverpool City Council (2005), p26
  7. ^ a b "Pier Head". World Heritage Liverpool. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/pierhead/index.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  8. ^ "Building a New Museum". National Museums Liverpool National Museums Liverpool, previously known as National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, comprises several museums and art galleries in and around Liverpool, England. All museums and galleries in this group have free admission. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and an exempt. http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
  9. ^ "George's Dock Ventilation". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/pierhead/georgesdockventilation.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  10. ^ "Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/pierhead/memorialtoengineroomheroes.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  11. ^ Jones, Ron (2004). The Albert Dock, Liverpool. RJ Associates Ltd. pp. p83.
  12. ^ Jones, Ron (2004). The Albert Dock, Liverpool. RJ Associates Ltd. pp. p46.
  13. ^ Helen Carter (2003-03-07). "Glory of Greece, grandeur of Rome ... and docks of Liverpool". Guardian Unlimited. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/cityofculture2008/story/0,,950372,00.html. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
  14. ^ "The Albert Dock Conservation Area". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/albertdock/index.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  15. ^ a b "The Stanley Dock Conservation area". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/stanleydock/index.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
  16. ^ "Clarence Graving Docks". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/stanleydock/clarencegravingdocks.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  17. ^ "The Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/stanleydock/tobaccowarehouse.asp. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  18. ^ a b c "Duke Street Area/Ropewalks". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/dukestreet/index.asp. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  19. ^ Pollard, Richard; Nikolaus Pevsner (2006). The Buildings of England: Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West. New Haven & London: Yale University Press Yale University Press is a book publisher founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remains financially and operationally autonomous. pp. 302–304.
  20. ^ "Trading Places: Old Dock History". National Museums Liverpool National Museums Liverpool, previously known as National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, comprises several museums and art galleries in and around Liverpool, England. All museums and galleries in this group have free admission. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and an exempt. http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/docks/access/dock_history7.html. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  21. ^ "Castle/Dale/Old Hall St Commercial Centre". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/castlestreet/index.asp. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
  22. ^ "William Brown St Conservation Area". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/williambrownstreet/index.asp. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
  23. ^ "William Brown St Conservation Area". Liverpool World Heritage. http://www.liverpoolworldheritage.com/visitingthewhs/areas/williambrownstreet/index.asp. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
  24. ^ "Nominations of Cultural Properties to the World Heritage List (Liverpool - Maritime Mercantile City)". UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945. Its stated purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of. http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/132. Retrieved 2008-10-23.

Bibliography

External links

World Heritage Sites A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance. The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 state parties which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[note 7] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land
England The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant

Frontiers of the Roman Empire A limes was a border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. It marked the boundaries of the Roman Empire (Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall is a stone and timber fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of what is now northern England. Begun in AD 122, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain, the second being the Antonine Wall in what is now Scotland. Hadrian's Wall is the better known of the) · Blenheim Palace Its construction was originally intended to be a gift to John Churchill, the 1st Duke of Marlborough from a grateful nation in return for military triumph against the French and Bavarians at the Battle of Blenheim. However, it soon became the subject of political infighting, which led to Marlborough's exile, the fall from power of his Duchess, and · Canterbury Cathedral Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site, St. Augustine's Abbey St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine abbey in Canterbury, Kent, England and St. Martin's Church · Bath Bath is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 13 miles (21 km) south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it · Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape · Derwent Valley Mills Derwent Valley Mills is a World Heritage Site along the River Derwent in Derbyshire, England, designated in December 2001. It is administered by the Derwent Valley Mills Partnership. The modern factory, or 'mill', system was born here in the 18th century to accommodate the new technology for spinning cotton developed by Richard Arkwright. With · Durham Castle Durham Castle is a Norman castle in the city of Durham, England, which has been wholly occupied since 1840 by University College, Durham. The castle stands on top of a hill above the River Wear on Durham's peninsula, opposite Durham Cathedral and Cathedral The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham — known as Durham Cathedral — in the city of Durham, England, is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Durham. The Bishopric dates from 995, with the present cathedral being founded in AD 1093. The cathedral is regarded as one of the finest examples of Norman · Ironbridge Gorge The Ironbridge Gorge is a deep gorge formed by the River Severn in Shropshire, England · Jurassic Coast The Jurassic Coast is a World Heritage Site on the English Channel coast of southern England. The site stretches from Orcombe Point near Exmouth in East Devon to Old Harry Rocks near Swanage in East Dorset, a distance of 153 kilometres . Chartered in 2001, the Jurassic coast was the second wholly-natural World Heritage Site to be designated in the · Kew Gardens The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually referred to simply as Kew Gardens, are 121 hectares of gardens and botanical glasshouses between Richmond and Kew in southwest London, England. The director is Professor Stephen D. Hopper, who succeeded Professor Sir Peter Crane. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is also the name of the organisation that runs · Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City · Maritime Greenwich Greenwich (pronounced /ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ gren-itch, /ˈɡrɛnɪdʒ/ gren-idge, or /ˈɡrɪnɪdʒ/ grin-idge) is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Greenwich · Westminster Palace The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames[note 1] in the heart of the London borough of the City of Westminster, close to the, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church · Saltaire · Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites · Studley Royal Park and Fountains Abbey · Tower of London
Scotland

Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Antonine Wall) · Edinburgh Old Town and New Town · Heart of Neolithic Orkney · New Lanark · St. Kilda
Wales

Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd · Blaenavon Industrial Landscape · Pontcysyllte Aqueduct
Northern Ireland

Giant's Causeway

Coordinates: 53°24′24.0″N 2°59′40.0″W / 53.40667°N 2.99444°W

Categories: World Heritage Sites in England | Visitor attractions in Liverpool

 

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